at certain fixed times

mōmentum, i, n. [for movimentum, from moveo], a movement, motion (as an indwelling force; cf.: motio, motus; class.).

Lit.:

astra forma ipsa figuraque sua momenta sustentant,

Cic. N. D. 2, 46, 117:

pisces levi caudae in utrumque momento velocitatem suam flectunt,

Sen. Ep. 90, 24:

utque leves tactus momentaque parva sequantur,

Ov. M. 4, 180.—

Transf.

An alteration, change, disturbance, movement, revolution:

cetera populi Romani vectigalia, perlevi saepe momento fortunae, inclinatione temporis pendere,

Cic. Agr. 2, 29, 80:

nullum momentum annonae facere,

to effect no alteration in the price of corn, Liv. 4, 12:

animi,

id. 39, 5:

provincias magnis momentis concusserat,

Vell. 2, 78, 1:

sine momento rerum, partisque ruinā cadere,

Luc. 7, 118.—

A particle sufficient to turn the scales:

momentum staterae,

Vulg. Isa. 40, 15; id. Sap. 11, 23; hence, a particle, a part, a point:

myrrhae momentum,

Plin. 30, 10, 27, § 87:

quibus (regnis) pro ignobili momento erat accessura Macedonia,

a make-weight, Just. 7, 3, 1:

sol cotidie ex alio caeli momento, quam pridie, oritur,

a point, part, Plin. 18, 34, 77, § 333:

corpus orationis in parva momenta diducendo consumere,

Quint. 3, 11, 23; to lose the main subject in minute divisions:

ordo rerum tribus momentis consertus est,

id. 5, 10, 71:

officiorum,

parts, Cic. Mur. 2, 3. —

In partic.

Of time, a short time, brief space, moment (syn. punctum):

parvis momentis multa natura affingit,

instants, moments, Cic. Div. 1, 52, 118:

momentis certis dimensis,

at certain fixed times, Plin. Ep. 4, 30, 3:

non cunctandum ratus Hannibal, totis viribus adgressus urbem momento cepit,

Liv. 21, 14, 3:

momento temporis,

in a moment, id. 21, 33; 35, 11, 13:

momento horae,

in quick lapse of time, Hor. S. 1, 1, 7; cf.:

momento unius horae,

Curt. 9, 6, 21:

horae momento,

Liv. 5, 7, 3; 9, 16:

Maecenati triennio supremo nullo horae momento contigit somnus,

could not sleep a single hour, Plin. 7, 51, 52, § 172:

brevi horarum momento,

in a few hours, Just. 2, 14, 9:

ut momentum horae pereat,

that a short hour be lost, Phaedr. 3 prol. 5:

momento fit cinis diu silva,

in a moment, Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 3:

in momento, in ictu oculi,

Vulg. 1 Cor. 15, 52:

in momento indignationis,

id. Isa. 54, 8:

pruna stomacho non utilissima, sed brevi momento,

are hurtful, but only for a short time, Plin. 23, 7, 66, § 132:

quantum quoquo momento temporis adiciatur,

Gai. Inst. 2, 70:

hoc fit dicis gratia uno momento,

id. ib. 1, 141.—

Transf., of space, distance, a little way:

parvo momento antecedere,

Caes. B. C. 2, 6:

visūs nostri tarditas non subsequitur momenta currentis (sc. stellae), sed videt simul et unde exsilierit et quo pervenerit,

does not trace the successive points of its course, but sees the whole at once, Sen. Q. N. 1, 14, 4.—

Trop., a cause, a circumstance; weight, influence, importance, moment:

minimis momentis maximae inclinationes temporum fiunt,

from the slightest causes spring the greatest changes, Cic. Phil. 5, 10, 26:

momenta omnia observare,

all the circumstances, id. Fam. 6, 10, 5:

unamquamque rem momento suo ponderare,

according to its importance, id. Font. 6, 21; cf.:

ut omnia verborum momentis, non rerum ponderibus examinet,

id. Rep. 3, 8, 12:

ita parvae res magnum in utramque partem momentum habuerunt,

influence, Caes. B. C. 3, 70:

quorum adventus hoc tamen momenti fecit, ut Scipio abscederet inde, etc.,

Liv. 29, 35:

nullum momentum in dando adimendoque regno habere,

no decisive influence, id. 1, 47, 6:

momenti aliquid apud Magnetas ad repetendam societatem Romanam facere,

id. 35, 39, 3:

cave quidquam habeat momenti gratia,

weight, influence, Cic. Mur. 30, 62:

magno ad persuadendum momento esse,

id. Inv. 2, 26, 77:

potentia,

motives, Ov. M. 11, 285:

Leonis (sideris),

influence, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 16:

praebe nostrae momenta saluti,

promote, Ov. P. 4, 13, 49:

erant octo cohortes... tum discordiā temporum a legione digressae, prout inclinassent, grande momentum sociae aut adversae,

Tac. H. 1, 59:

levi momento aestimare aliquid,

to consider of little moment, to prize lightly, Caes. B. G. 7, 39:

nullius momenti aliquid putare,

of no moment, unimportant, Cic. Vatin. 1, 1: nullius momenti apud exercitum futurum, Nep. Alcib. 8, 4:

quod (oppidum) per se parvum magni momenti locum obtinuit,

Tac. H. 3, 8:

id est maximi momenti et ponderis,

of the greatest moment, Cic. Vatin. 4, 19:

exponunt, se tentāsse etiam haud magni momenti finitimarum gentium auxilia,

Liv. 10, 16, 5:

sed in bello nihil tam leve est, quod non magnae interdum rei momentum faciat,

id. 25, 18, 3; 28, 17, 10; 27, 45, 5:

inpensam in rem maximi ad omnia momenti facere,

id. 43, 23, 8:

nullā in re nisi in virtute propensionem ne minimi quidem momenti esse ad, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 4, 17, 47:

omnino nihil habere momenti,

id. ib. 2, 12, 38.

certus, a, um [orig. P. a. from cerno; hence], adj., determined, resolved, fixed, settled, purposed: non dubius.

(Acc. to cerno, II. D.) Certum est (mihi), it is determined, it is my ( thy, his, etc.) decision, resolution, will, I am resolved, I mean, etc. (mostly ante-class.; most freq. in Plaut.); with inf.: quorum virtuti belli Fortuna pepercit, Eorundem me libertati parcere certum est, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 206 Vahl.):

certum'st hominem eludere,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 109:

tibi credere,

id. Aul. 4, 9, 7; cf. id. Capt. 3, 1, 32; id. Curc. 2, 1, 1; id. Cas. 2, 4, 15; id. Cist. 3, 1, 16; id. Ep. 5, 1, 57; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 37; id. Most. 1, 3, 80; id. Men. 5, 6, 12; id. Mil. 2, 3, 32; id. Merc. 3, 1, 7; id. Ps. 1, 5, 138; id. Poen. 5, 5, 25; id. Pers. 2, 2, 39; id. Rud. 3, 3, 22; id. Stich. 5, 4, 2; id. Trin. 2, 1, 34; id. Truc. 2, 6, 68; Ter. And. 2, 1, 11; id. Eun. 1, 2, 108: certum est deliberatumque, quae ad causam pertinere arbitror, omnia dicere, Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 31:

certum atque decretum est non dare signum,

Liv. 2, 45, 13:

certum est igni circumdare muros,

Verg. A. 9, 153.—Certum'st mihi with inf., Plaut. As. 1, 3, 94; 3, 3, 23; id. Cas. 1, 1, 3; id. Mil. 3, 1, 154; id. Ps. 4, 8, 2; Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144; Liv. 35, 46, 13; Ov. M. 9, 53 al.—Without inf., esp. parenthet., with expression of purpose by a fut. tense:

certum est, malam rem potius quaeram cum lucro,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 15:

certum est, jam dicam patri,

id. Bacch. 3, 1, 15:

certum est, ibo ad medicum,

id. Merc. 2, 4, 4: An. Certumn' est tibi? Ly. Certum, id. Poen. 2, 48; cf. id. Stich. 4, 2, 33.—With pron. or subst.: Ar. Certumne'st tibi istuc? He. Non moriri certius, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 74;

so further with istuc,

id. ib. 2, 1, 20; Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 30:

mihi autem abjurare certius est quam dependere,

Cic. Att. 1, 8, 3:

ad eum senem oppugnare certum est consilium,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 60:

quae nunc sunt certa ei consilia, etc.,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 16:

certa res hanc est objurgare,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 73; so id. Merc. 5, 2, 16; id. Mil. 2, 4, 45; Ter. And. 2, 2, 31; Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 16.—

(From the time of the Aug. poets.) Transf. to the person who is determined upon something, determined, resolved, bent.

With inf.:

certa mori,

Verg. A. 4, 564 (cf. id. ib. 4, 475:

decrevitque mori): certi non cedere,

Ov. M. 9, 43:

certa sequi,

Val. Fl. 5, 47.—

With gen. (cf. Ramsh. Gr. p. 323; Zumpt, Gr. § 437, n. 1;

A. and S. § 213, R. 1): certus eundi,

Verg. A. 4, 554; Ov. M. 11, 440:

desciscendi,

Tac. H. 4, 14:

relinquendae vitae,

id. A. 4, 34:

necis,

Sil. 6, 27:

fugae,

Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 12:

destinationis,

Tac. A. 12, 32:

sceleris,

id. ib. 12, 66:

consilii,

id. H. 2, 46.—

With an:

nec sat certa an cederet armis,

Sil. 9, 480.—

An epithet of all those objects whose existence or reality is fixed, determined (hence in connection with definitus, Quint. 7, 10, 7;

with praefinitus,

Suet. Galb. 14), or in respect to which there can be no doubt (hence opp. dubius, Quint. 7, 6, 3; 5, 12, 3; 12, 3, 6 al.).

Object.

Of things whose external qualities, number, etc., are invariable, established, settled, fixed, particular, specified, etc. (class.):

Arboribus primum certis gravis umbra tributa,

Lucr. 6, 783:

fruges, bacae,

Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

jam ad certas res conficiendas certos homines delectos ac descriptos habebat,

id. Cat. 3, 7, 16:

concilium in diem certam indicere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 30 fin.;

so with dies,

a fixed term, Cato, R. R. 149, 1; Cic. Att. 6, 2, 9; Nep. Chabr. 3, 1; Liv. 1, 50, 1; Tac. G. 9 al.; cf.:

certis diebus,

Verg. G. 2, 329:

quaerere ab judicibus cur in certa verba jurent, cur certo tempore conveniant, certo discedant,

Cic. Inv. 2, 45, 132; cf. Suet. Aug. 41:

certum praefinitumque tempus,

id. Galb. 14; and:

certum statumque vectigal,

id. Calig. 40:

pecunia (opp. arbitraria), v. arbitrarius: finis aerumnarum,

Lucr. 1, 108; cf. id. 2, 512; 8, 1091; Hor. S. 1, 1, 106; id. Ep. 1, 2, 56:

locus,

Caes. B. G. 5, 1, 6:

numerus,

id. ib. 7, 75:

signum,

fixed, agreed upon, id. B. C. 1, 27:

naves,

fixed in number and quality, id. ib. 1, 56:

pecuniae imperabantur,

id. ib. 3, 32 fin.:

conviva,

i. e. a daily, constant guest, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 75 Schmid:

ecquem tu illo certiorem nebulonem,

Cic. Att. 15, 21, 2.—

But sometimes indef., like quidam, and our certain, of things, the certainty of whose existence is given, but whose nature is not more definitely designated, or comes not into consideration (cf. aliquis):

Cephaloedi mensis est certus, quo mense sacerdotem maximum creari oporteat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 128:

habet certos sui studiosos,

id. Brut. 16, 64:

(hunc) certis rebus imperatis regnare jussit,

id. Sest. 27, 58:

certi homines ad eam rem periti,

id. ib. 18, 41:

res a certis hominibus corrupta,

id. Fam. 1, 2, 3; 4, 9, 2; 16, 11, 2; id. Marcell. 6, 16; id. Deiot. 4, 11; Liv. 34, 61, 7.—Hence in Quint. several times in connection with quidam and aliquis:

ad certas quasdam dicendi leges alligati,

Quint. 8, prooem. § 2; so id. 8, prooem. § 12; 4, 2, 28; 5, 10, 2; 5, 10, 5; 9, 4, 8;

11, 2, 28: aliquos compositionis certos pedes,

id. 10, 2, 13; so id. 7, prooem. § 4; and subst.:

in his certos aliquos docebit,

id. 2, 8, 13.—

Trop., of things whose internal moral qualities are established, fixed, can be relied upon, sure, unerring, to be depended upon, true, faithful, [p. 321] etc. (so most freq. in all periods and species of composition; syn.: firmus, confirmatus, exploratus, indubitatus, manifestus al.).

Of persons: amicus certus in re incertā cernitur, Enn. ap. Cic. Lael. 17, 64; cf.:

tu ex amicis certis mi es certissimus,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 57:

certi homines, quibus dem litteras,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 1; cf. id. Cat. 3, 7, 16; Nep. Paus. 2, 4; id. Alcib. 10, 1; Cic. Rosc. Am. 19, 53; id. Verr. 2, 2, 64, § 156:

certus enim promisit Apollo, etc.,

Hor. C. 1, 7, 28:

auctor (mortis),

Quint. 6, 3, 68; cf. Suet. Tib. 5:

adversus hostem nec spe nec animo certiorem, i. e. firmiorem,

Liv. 10, 35, 17: apud latera certos collocaverat, Sall. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 576 (H. 1, 53 Dietsch); cf. Nep. Dion, 9, 2:

per litora certos dimittam,

Verg. A. 1, 576:

certissimus auctor (Phoebus),

id. G. 1, 432.—

Of things:

satis animo certo et confirmato,

Cic. Quint. 24, 77; cf.

pectora,

Verg. A. 9, 249, and certior indoles, Suet. Ner. 10:

promissa,

Cic. Fam. 6, 12, 1:

parata dicendi copia et certa,

Quint. 10, 6, 6; id. 6, prooem. §

9: jus,

id. 12, 3, 6 et saep.:

jactus (telorum),

Tac. A. 14, 37; cf.

in this sense certa hasta,

Verg. A. 11, 767:

sagitta,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 23:

fides segetis,

id. ib. 3, 16, 30:

spes,

id. C. S. 74:

trames,

id. S. 2, 3, 49:

lar,

id. Ep. 1, 7, 58 al.:

plana et certa,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 1:

certa et clara,

Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 1 Ruhnk.; so Liv. 22, 39, 22; cf. Hor. S. 2, 6, 27.—Subst., with gen.:

certa maris,

Tac. H. 4, 81.—

Subject., of that which is established by evidence, etc., placed beyond doubt, certain, sure, true, proved, established (class.; esp. freq. in neutr.):

cum ad has suspitiones certissimae res accederent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 5, 29:

incerta pro certis malebant,

Sall. C. 17, 6; cf.:

incerta pro certis mutare,

id. J. 83, 1:

postremo certior res,

Liv. 29, 6, 12:

certiora esse dicunt quam, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 3, 5, 13; id. Att. 3, 11, 2; Liv. 10, 35, 12: So. Satin hoc certum'st? Ge. Certum:

hisce oculis egomet vidi,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 31:

jam satis certumst virginem vitiatam esse?

id. Enn. 4, 4, 36:

cum certius tibi sit me esse Romae quam mihi te Athenis,

Cic. Att. 1, 9, 1:

id parum certum est,

Liv. 5, 35, 3:

cum de altero intellectu certum est, de altero dubium,

Quint. 7, 6, 3; cf. id. 7, 3, 4: non certum traditur, with interrog.-clause, Liv. 2, 8, 8:

nec quicquam certi respondes mihi?

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 84:

neque tanto spatio certi quid esset explorari poterat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 45:

certum inveniri non potest ne... an,

id. B. C. 1, 25:

si quicquam humanorum certi est,

Liv. 5, 33, 1: Ph. Civemne? Th. Arbitror:

Certum non scimus,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 31; cf. id. Phorm. 1, 2, 98; Cic. Att. 12, 23, 2.—So, certum scire, to know for a certainty, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 12; id. Hec. 3, 1, 44; Cic. Fam. 9, 23 init.:

certum habere,

to reckon certain, id. Att. 1, 13, 1; Liv. 36, 28, 4; 5, 3, 2; Quint. 2, 3, 9; Col. 2, 22, 5 al.:

certum respondeo,

Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92:

cognoscere, Auct. B. Alex. 53: comperire, Auct. B. Hisp. 22.—So also pro certo habere,

Cic. Att. 10, 6, 3; Matius ap. Cic. Att. 9, 15, A med.; Sall. C. 52, 17; Suet. Dom. 23:

negare,

Cic. Att. 5, 21, 5:

polliceri,

id. Agr. 2, 37, 102:

dicere aliquid,

id. Brut. 3, 10:

ponere,

Liv. 23, 6, 8:

scire,

id. 25, 10, 1:

affirmare,

id. 27, 1, 13; 3, 23, 7; cf. id. 1, 3, 2 Drak.:

creditur,

Sall. C. 15, 2:

coeperit esse,

Quint. 5, 12, 2:

certius cognoscere ex aliquo de aliquā re,

Caes. B. G. 5, 52, 5.—Strengthened by comp.:

quin nihil invenies magis hoc certo certius,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 111; cf.:

et hoc certo certius est et saepissime constitutum,

Dig. 42, 8, 10, § 14:

certo certius,

Ambros. in Ephes. 5; Paul. Vit. St. Ambros. 25; App. M. 9, p. 237, 27.—In Plaut. certum or certius facere alicui, to give certainty to one concerning any thing, make him certain, Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 17; 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 2, 2, 4.—

Transf. to the person who is made certain in reference to a thing, certain, sure:

certi sumus periisse omnia,

Cic. Att. 2, 19, 5:

num quid nunc es certior?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 191:

posteritatis,

i. e. of posthumous fame, Plin. Ep. 9, 3, 1:

sententiae,

Quint. 4, 3, 8:

judicii,

Sen. Ep. 45, 9:

certus de suā geniturā,

Suet. Vesp. 25:

damnationis,

id. Tib. 61:

exitii,

Tac. A. 1, 27:

spei,

id. H. 4, 3:

matrimonii,

id. A. 12, 3:

certi sumus, etc.,

Gell. 18, 10, 5.—In class. prose mostly in the phrase certiorem facere aliquem (de aliquā re, alicujus rei, with a foll, acc. and inf., with a rel.-clause or absol.), to inform, apprise one of a thing:

me certiorem face,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 69:

ut nos facias certiores,

Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 32:

uti se (sc. Caesarem) de his rebus certiorem faciant,

Caes. B. G. 2, 2:

qui certiorem me sui consilii fecit,

Cic. Att. 9, 2, a, 2:

Caesarem certiorem faciunt, sese non facile ab oppidis vim hostium prohibere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 11:

faciam te certiorem quid egerim,

Cic. Att. 3, 11, 1.— With subj. only:

milites certiores facit, paulisper intermitterent proelium,

Caes. B. G. 3, 5 fin. — Pass.:

quod crebro certior per me fias de omnibus rebus,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 1; so Caes. B. G. 1, 7; Sall. J. 104, 1:

Caesar certior factus est, tres jam copiarum partes Helvetios id flumen transduxisse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 12; so id. ib. 1, 21; 1, 41; 2, 1; Sall. J. 82, 2; Nep. Att. 12, 3:

factus certior, quae res gererentur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 15:

non consulibus certioribus factis,

Liv. 45, 21, 4.—Also in posit., though rarely:

fac me certum quid tibi est,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 16; 4, 6, 35; Verg. A. 3, 179:

lacrimae suorum Tam subitae matrem certam fecere ruinae,

Ov. M. 6, 268.— Hence, adv. in two forms.

certō, with certainty, certainly, surely, of a truth, in fact, really, object. and subject. (cf. supra, II. A. and B.); only in the comic poets, and sometimes (most. freq. in his epistt.) in Cic., while the adverbial form certe belongs to all periods and all species of composition. The difference between them is, perhaps, merely historical; but v. infra, certe, B. I. 2. init.

Object.:

perii certo, haud arbitrario,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 42; cf. id. Merc. 2, 3, 106:

mihi certo nomen Sosia'st,

id. Am. 1, 1, 176; id. Men. 2, 2, 39; Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 12:

nihil ita exspectare quasi certo futurum,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81 (cf. the passage cited under certo, I. 1., from id. Div. 2, 7, 18).—

In affirm. answers: Me. Liberum ego te jussi abire? Mes. Certo, yes, certainly, Plaut. Men. 5, 8, 9; so id. ib. 5, 9, 50; 2, 3, 38; id. Poen. 5, 5, 21; Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 9.—

Subject.

In gen. (very rare):

certo enim ego vocem hic loquentis modo mi audire visus sum,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 5, 4:

ego rus abituram me esse certo decrevi,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 10: Th. Quid aīs? Py. Atqui certo comperi, id. Eun. 5, 1, 9.—

Esp. in the formula of asseveration, certo scio, I certainly know, I am fully persuaded, beyond all doubt (class.):

certo edepol scio, me vidisse, etc.,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 2; id. Truc. 1, 1, 49; Ter. And. 5, 4, 26; id. Ad. 4, 5, 14; id. Eun. 1, 2, 119; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 19:

quod te moleste ferre certo scio,

Cic. Att. 1, 12, 3; 2, 23, 2; id. Fam. 4, 13, 6; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 21; id. Phil. 3, 6, 17; id. Sen. 1, 1; 1, 2; Sall. J. 9, 2; id. C. 51, 16:

veniunt in mentem mihi permulta: vobis plura, certo scio,

Cic. Caecin. 19, 55 (cf. under certe, I. 2.).—

certē (class.; cf. supra, certo init.).

Affirming strongly, with certainty, certainly, undoubtedly, assuredly, surely, really.

Object.:

certe edepol, tu me alienabis,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 243:

ego quidem ab hoc certe exorabo,

id. Bacch. 5, 2, 58:

certe hercle,

id. As. 2, 1, 15; cf. Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 8; Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 71; Ter. And. 2, 2, 10:

quom is certe Renuntiarit,

id. Heaut. 4, 4, 4:

certe captus est!

id. And. 1, 1, 55:

certe ut videamur cernere eum,

Lucr. 4, 760:

si enim scit, certe illud eveniet: sin certe eveniet, nulla fortuna est,

Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18; cf. id. N. D. 1, 2, 5:

fuit certe id aequum et certe exspectatum est, etc.,

id. Planc. 16, 38:

ea certe vera sunt,

id. Mil. 35, 96:

M. Catoni certe licuit, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 1, 1:

jam illa perfugia certe minime sunt audienda,

id. ib. 1, 5, 9:

cum se certe decessurum videret,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 44, § 104; Cat. 62, 8:

certe hinc Romanos olim fore ductores pollicitus,

Verg. A. 1, 234:

o dea certe,

a goddess surely, id. ib. 1, 328:

postremo expellet certe vivacior heres,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 132:

placuit tibi, Delphice, certe, Dum, etc.,

Ov. M. 2, 543 al. — Comp.:

speculatores mittere, qui certius explorata referant,

Liv. 3, 40, 13; 35, 48, 3:

si reperire vocas amittere certius,

Ov. M. 5, 519; App. M. 2, p. 118, 1.— Sup., Tert. Pall. 4.—

In an answer of affirmation:

estne ipsus an non est! Is est, Certe is est, is est profecto,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 65; so Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 53; Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9; id. Clu. 54, 149; id. Phil. 1, 15, 37; id. Ac. 2, 35, 113; and in confirmation of a preceding fact: venerat, ut opinor, haec res in judicium. Certe, certainly, surely, Cic. Rosc. Com. 14, 42; id. Fam. 4, 2, 5; id. Or. 42, 144; cf. id. Off. 3, 29, 105; id. Fin. 2, 27, 91.—

Subject., mostly in the phrase certe scio, I know to a certainty, I am sure (acc. to Klotz ad Cic. Sen. 1, 2, certe scio = certum est me scire, I am fully convinced: certo scio = certum est quod scio, my knowledge is accurate, etc.):

certe edepol scio, si aliud quicquam est quod credam aut certo sciam, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 115:

edepol certo scio,

id. Bacch. 2, 3, 20:

scelestiorem me hac anu certe scio Vidisse numquam,

id. Aul. 1, 1, 21; cf. Cic. Arch. 12, 32:

ex litteris certe scire potuistis,

id. Font. 4, 8; id. Phil. 12, 12, 29:

quod iste certe statuerat ac deliberaverat non adesse,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 1.—

In affirm. answers: Ar. Ain' vero? Le. Certe, inquam, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 132: Ch. Ain'tu? So. Certe, sic erit, Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 12.—

In a subjective supposition or presumption that a thing is so, certainly, surely, assuredly, doubtless, of course; Gr. isôs:

ah nugas agis, Certe habes,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 25; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 58:

si me tanti facis, quanti certe facis,

Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 3; 7, 8, 1; cf. Verg. A. 1, 234; Ov. M. 2, 423; Prop. 2, 7, 1. —

In interrog., Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 3; Suet. Aug. 33.—

Affirming with restriction, yet surely, yet indeed, at least, notwithstanding (very freq. in prose and poetry, esp. after the class. per.).

Alone:

si non ipsā re tibi istuc dolet, Simulare certe est hominis,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 16:

cingitur, certe expedit se,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 152:

ut homines mortem vel optare incipiant, vel certe timere desistant,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 117:

haec... sint falsa sane, invidiosa certe non sunt,

id. Ac. 2, 32, 105:

qui... ut non referat pedem, sistet certe,

id. Phil. 12, 4, 8:

res fortasse verae, certe graves,

id. Fin. 4, 3, 7; cf. Liv. 9, 11, 13:

consulatum unum certe plebis Romanae esse,

id. 22, 34, 11:

quos quoniam caeli nondum dignamur honore, Quas dedimus certe terras habitare sinamus,

Ov. M. 1, 195 et saep.:

quo quid sit beatius, mihi certe in mentem venire non potest,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81; so,

ego certe,

Quint. 8, 3, 65; 9, 4, 57:

certe ego,

Sall. J. 31, 5; Ov. H. 19, 81; id. M. 13, 840; id. Tr. 4, 5, 13:

mihi certe,

Quint. 10, 3, 23:

ipse certe,

id. 8, 6, 30; Curt. 7, 4, 19; 7, 6, 22.—

With other particles.

With tamen:

illud certe tamen, quod jam amplexi sumus,

Cic. de Or. 3, 6, 22; id. Sen. 23, 84.—

With at: quod (consilium) si non fuerit prudens, at certe ab optima fide proficiscetur, Balb. et opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A, 1; Ov. F. 3, 351; cf. at II. 3.—

With sed: non integrā re, sed certe minus infractā, quam, etc., Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 8; cf. Cic. Leg. 1, 21, 56 dub. B. and K. —

With quidem:

ubi sit animus, certe quidem in te est,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 70:

quoniam volumus quidem certe senes fieri,

id. Sen. 2, 6; id. Quint. 15, 50:

certe quidem vos estis Romani, etc.,

Liv. 45, 22, 5. (But quidem does not belong with certe in such passages as the foll.:

hic quidem certe memorat, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 261 al.; v. quidem; cf. also aut and vel.)

ălĭquandŏ, temp. adv. [aliquis; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 856, regards the affix in this word and in quando as from an earlier -da = dies].

A.. In opp. to a definite, fixed point of time, at some time or other, once; at any time, ever (i. e. at an indefinite, undetermined time, of the past, present, and future; mostly in affirmative clauses, while umquam is only used of past and future time, and in negative clauses or those implying doubt; cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 2, 14, 51).—Of the past: neque ego umquam fuisse tale monstrum in terris ullum puto: quis clarioribus viris quodam tempore jucundior? quis turpioribus conjunctior: quis civis meliorum partium aliquando? Cic. Cael. 5, 12:

Ad quem angelorum dixit aliquando, Sede etc.,

Vulg. Heb. 1, 13.—Of the future:

erit illud profecto tempus et illucescet aliquando ille dies, etc.,

Cic. Mil. 26, 69:

cave, ne aliquando peccato consentias,

Vulg. Tob. 4, 6:

huic utinam aliquando gratiam referre possimus! Habebimus quidem semper,

Cic. Fam. 14, 4:

ne posset aliquando ad bellum faciendum locus ipse adhortari,

id. Off. 1, 11, 35.—Of the present: de rationibus et de controversiis societatis vult dijudicari. Sero: verum aliquando tamen, but yet once, in opp. to not at all, never, Cic. Quint. 13, 43.—

With non, nec (eccl. Lat.):

non peccabitis aliquando,

Vulg. 2 Pet. 1, 10:

nec aliquando defuit quidquam iis,

ib. 1 Reg. 25, 7; 25, 15; ib. Dan. 14, 6; ib 1 Thess. 2, 5.—

In connection with ullus, and oftener, esp. in Cic., with aliquis:

quaerere ea num vel e Philone vel ex ullo Academico audivisset aliquando,

Cic. Ac. 2, 4, 11: Forsitan aliquis aliquando ejusmodi quidpiam fecerit. id. Verr. 2, 32, 78;

ego quia dico aliquid aliquando, et quia, ut fit, in multis exit aliquando aliquid, etc.,

id. Planc 14, 35;

non despero fore aliquem aliquando,

id. de Or. 1, 21, 95:

docendo etiam aliquid aliquando,

id. Or. 42, 144:

Nam aut erit hic aliquid aliquando, etc.,

id. Fam. 7, 11, 2.—So with quisquis:

nec quidquam aliquando periit,

Vulg. 1 Reg. 25, 15; 25, 7.—

Si forte aliquando or si aliquando, if at any time, if ever; or of a distant, but undefined, point of time, if once, at one time, or one day:

si quid hujus simile forte aliquando evenerit,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 40:

quod si aliquando manus ista plus valuerit quam vestra ac rei publicae dignitas, etc.,

Cic. Cat. 4, 10, 20: ampla domus dedecori saepe domino fit, et maxime si aliquando alio domino solita est frequentari, once, i. e. at a former time, id. Off. 1, 39, 139.—

It is often used (opp.: in praesentiā, nunc, adhuc) of an indefinite, past, or future time = olim, quondam, once, formerly; in future time, hereafter:

quod sit in praesentiā de honestate delibatum, virtute aliquando et industriā recuperetur,

Cic. Inv. 2, 58, 174:

aliquando nobis libertatis tempus fuisse, quod pacis vobiscum non fuerit: nunc certe, etc., Liv 25, 29: Iol ad mare, aliquando ignobilis, nunc illustris,

Mel. 1, 6:

Qui aliquando non populus, nunc autem populus Dei,

Vulg. 1 Pet. 2, 10; ib. Philem. 11:

quam concedis adhuc artem omnino non esse, sed aliquando, etc.,

Cic. de Or 1, 58, 246.—Sometimes the point of time in contrast can be determined only from the context:

quaerere num e Philone audivisset aliquando,

Cic. Ac. Pr. 2, 4, 11:

veritus sum deesse Pompeii saluti, cum ille aliquando non defuisset meae,

id. Fam. 6, 6, 10:

aut quisquam nostri misereri potest, qui aliquando vobis hostis fuit?

Sall. J. 14, 17:

Zacynthus aliquando appellata Hyrie,

Plin. 4, 12, 19, § 54; Plin. Ep. 6, 10:

quae aliquando viderat,

Vulg. Gen. 42, 9; ib. 1 Pet. 3, 20.—

Of that which at times happens, in contrast with that which never or seldom occurs, sometimes, now and then = non numquam, interdum (opp.: numquam, raro; semper, saepe).

Te non numquam a me alienārunt, et me aliquando immutārunt tibi, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 2:

liceret ei dicere utilitatem aliquando cum honestate pugnare,

id. Off. 3, 3, 12:

sitne aliquando mentiri boni viri?

id. de Or. 3, 29, 113; Quint. 5, 13, 31:

multa proelia et aliquando non cruenta,

Tac. Agr. 17; Suet. Aug. 43.—

With numquam, raro; semper, saepe, saepius, modo in another clause:

convertit se aliquando ad timorem, numquam ad sanitatem,

Cic. Sull. 5, 17:

senatumque et populum numquam obscura nomina, etiam si aliquando obumbrentur,

Tac. H. 2, 32:

quod non saepe, atque haud scio an umquam, in aliquā parte eluceat aliquando,

Cic. Or. 2, 7:

raro, sed aliquando tamen, ex metu delirium nascitur,

Cels. 3, 18; so id. 8, 4; 1 praef.:

aliquando... semper,

Liv. 45, 23, 8:

aliquando fortuna, semper animo maximus,

Vell. 2, 18: Haud semper errat fama;

aliquando et elegit,

Tac. Agr. 9:

aliquando... saepe,

Cels. 1 praef.:

nec tamen ubique cerni, aliquando propter nubila, saepius globo terrae obstante,

Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56; so Tac. A. 3, 27; id. Agr. 38.—

In partitive clauses, twice, or even several times, like modo—modo, sometimes also alternating with non numquam or modo (so only in the post-Aug. per.), at one time... at another, now.. now:

confirmatio aliquando totius causae est, aliquando partium,

Quint. 5, 13, 58; Plin. 17, 28, 47, § 262; Sen. Q. N. 2, 36, 2:

aliquando emicat stella, aliquando ardores sunt, aliquando fixi et haerentes, non numquam volubiles,

id. ib. 1, 14; cf. Suet. Calig. 52:

Vespasianus modo in spem erectus, aliquando adversa reputabat,

Tac. H. 2, 74; id. A. 16, 10.—

In colloquial lang., to indicate that there is occasion for a certain thing, once, for once, on this occasion, now:

aliquando osculando melius est, uxor, pausam fieri,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 6, 1:

sed si placet, sermonem alio transferamus, et nostro more aliquando, non rhetorico loquamur,

now in our own way, Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 133:

sed ne plura: dicendum enim aliquando est, Pomponium Atticum sic amo, ut alterum fratrem,

I must for once say it, id. Fam. 13, 1, 14.—

In commands, exhortations, or wishes, = tandem, at length, now at last:

audite quaeso, judices, et aliquando miseremini sociorum,

Cic. Verr. 1, 28, 72:

mode scribe aliquando ad nos, quid agas,

id. Fam. 7, 12, 2:

stulti, aliquando sapite,

Vulg. Psa. 93, 8:

ipse agat, ut orbatura patres aliquando fulmina ponat,

Ov. M. 2, 391:

Aliquando isti principes sibi populi Romani auctoritati parendum esse fateantur,

id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64; id. Verr. 4, 37, 81; Sall. J. 14, 21; Ov. M. 2, 390:

et velim aliquando, cum erit tuum commodum, Lentulum puerum visas,

Cic. Att. 12, 28.—Hence,

Of that which happens after long expectation or delay, freq. in connection with tandem, finally, at length, now at last:

quibus (quaestionibus) finem aliquando amicorum auctoritas fecit,

Cic. Clu. 67, 191:

(dii) placati jam vel satiati aliquando,

id. Marcell. 6, 18:

collegi me aliquando,

id. Clu. 18, 51: aliquando idque sero usum loquendi populo concessi, finally. i. e. after I have for a long time spoken in another manner, id. Or. 48, 160:

te aliquando collaudare possum, quod jam, etc.,

id. Fam. 7, 17; Suet. Aug. 70:

diu exspectaverant, dum retia extraherentur: aliquando extractis piscis nullus infuit,

id. Clar. Rhet. 1.—With tandem:

aliquando tandem huc animum ut adducas tuum,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 61:

spes est et hunc aliquan do tandem posse consistere,

Cic. Quint. 30, 94 tandem aliquando L. Catilinam ex urbe ejecimus, id. Cat. 2, 1:

ut tandem aliquando timere desinam,

id. ib. 1, 7, 18; id. Quint. 30, 94:

servus tandem aliquando mihi a te exspectatissimas litteras reddidit,

id. Fam. 16, 9:

tandem aliquando refloruistis,

Vulg. Phil. 4, 10.—With jam:

utile esse te aliquando jam rem transigere,

now at length Cic. Att. 1, 4.